New U.S. dietary guidelines suggest Americans cut back on ultra-processed foods, but new research from a Tennessee Tech Graduate Assistant found that might be a challenge.
Graduate Assistant Morgan Walls said many people are surprised to learn how broad the definition of processed foods can be, noting that even foods perceived as healthy may still fall into higher processing categories. Walls said artificially sweetened beverages and foods, chips and candy are some of the biggest concerns.
“It is borderline impossible for Americans to not consume any processed foods,” Walls said. “That would include foods like just straight from your garden or straight from a farm, which is honestly unattainable for most Americans.”
According to a 2025 analysis from the National Center for Health Statistics, more than half of the calories consumed at home by both adults and children in the U.S. come from ultra-processed foods, underscoring the challenge of reducing their role in everyday diets.
Walls said affordability and convenience are major reasons Americans continue to rely on ultra-processed foods, especially during periods of economic strain.
“Buying processed foods and these snack foods is far more affordable than purchasing fruits and vegetables to feed your family for a whole week,” Walls said.
Walls said ultra-processed foods are commonly defined using the NOVA classification system, which ranks foods based on their level of processing rather than labeling foods as inherently good or bad.
“In my current research, I have classified ultra-processed foods according to the NOVA system,” Walls said. “This system works on practicing things through a one to four degree of processing.”
Walls also pointed to research linking ultra-processed foods to chronic health conditions such as type II diabetes and heart disease, while emphasizing that moderation and balance are more realistic goals than elimination.
“I don’t believe that it is of our best interest to demonize these foods,” Walls said. “I would choose just the best option with what you have.”
She encouraged people to make gradual changes rather than aiming for perfection in their diets.
“I believe in baby steps,” Walls said. “Even canned beans are still a bean.”